ABS Archives

Why MotoGP Bikes Don’t Use ABS?

Do you know that MotoGP bikes have no ABS (anti-lock braking system)? In fact, the system is also not used in the Moto2 and Moto3 categories.

The short answer is ABS is banned by MotoGP’s governing body, the FIM. In fact, it is also banned in the World Superbike Championship (WSBK). On the other hand, ABS is allowed in the FIM Endurance World Championship. There are several reasons behind this, which we will describe here.

1. Braking should be a rider’s skill

Marc Marquez and Dani Pedrosa did experiment on the system as far back as 2014 and was proven to work especially well in wet weather.

However, the FIM decreed that braking action should be left as a rider and the respective team’s setup prowess, rather than having the rider grabbing the brake and letting the system take care of the real braking action.

See how far aerodynamics development has gotten in just a few short years? It has gotten to the stage that the riders have to ride their bikes like how their machines warrant them to, instead of how the riders want their bikes to “listen” to them.

2. Increased braking and stopping distances

Braking distance can be increased, given the ABS system’s on-off-on-off operation. So again, the onus of how to brake is shifted back to the riders and their teams.

3. To forbid overdevelopment

Although not succinctly stated, many MotoGP insiders have said that Dorna and FIM do not want the factories to develop ABS technology to the level where it supplements or even takes over from braking as a rider’s skill. Also, development will certainly cost a lot of money, which runs counter to Dorna’s wish of keeping the costs down in order to see more participation on the grid. Heck, a single carbon-carbon brake system in MotoGP already costs USD20,000.

So, there you are, the reasons why ABS is not allowed in MotoGP.

ABS – Apakah Tugasnya dan Bagaimana ia Berfungsi

Pihak berkuasa Malaysia akhirnya mewajibkan pemasangan ABS kepada motosikal baharu 150cc dan ke atas mulai tahun depan. Ia adalah sesuatu yang diminta oleh banyak pihak termasuk penunggang motosikal dan pakar keselamatan pengangkutan sejak sekian lama.

Walaubagaimanapun, kita perlu memahami lebih lanjut tentang sistem ABS dan cara ia berfungsi, kerana tiada gunanya memiliki ciri tersebut tanpa mengetahui apa-apa mengenainya. Malah, terdapat banyak tanggapan salah tentang ABS yang boleh membahayakan nyawa dan anggota badan penunggang.

Tanggapan salah tentang ABS

Mari kita mulakan dengan ini sebelum menerangkan lebih lanjut.

“ABS aktif ketika bila-bila saya membrek.”

Tidak benar. ABS hanya diaktifkan jika penunggang brek kuat sehingga roda mula terkunci (roda berhenti bergerak). ABS tidak aktif dalam semua aspek membrek.

*Daripada MCN, sila klik foto untuk artikel penuh.*

“ABS membantu saya berhenti lebih cepat dan dalam jarak yang lebih pendek.”

Tidak semestinya. Sistem ini memang membantu motosikal untuk berhenti lebih cepat jika seseorang brek dengan sangat kuat di atas permukaan yang kering dan memberikan cengkaman yang baik kerana ambang antara kuasa brek maksimum dan penguncian roda adalah lebih tinggi.

Walaubagaimanapun, membrek dengan maksimum di atas permukaan licin mungkin mengambil masa lebih lama kerana tayar lebih mudah terkunci/gelongsor, contohnya ketika membrek kera di atas garisan jalan yang basah. Oleh itu, sistem mengaktifkan lebih awal/lebih mudah untuk membiarkan roda terus berputar, justeru jarak berhenti yang lebih jauh.

“ABS menghalang saya daripada membrek lebih kuat.”

Tidak benar. ABS diaktifkan kerana penunggang telah melebihi daya cengkaman tayar yang ada, oleh itu dia tidak boleh brek lebih kuat walaupun tanpa ABS.

“ABS menambah berat kepada motosikal dengan banyak.”

Ini benar dengan sistem lama yang mempunyai berat 11 kg pada tahun 1988. Sistem semasa seringan 700 gram.

“Saya boleh melepaskan tuil dan menekannya dengan cepat jika tayar hilang cengkaman.”

Benar, tetapi tiada manusia yang dapat menandingi frekuensi 24 Hz (24 kali sesaat) sistem ABS, selain menggunakan jumlah tekanan brek yang jitu.

Apakah fungsi ABS?

ABS bermaksud sistem brek anti kunci (anti-lock braking system).
Ia mengelakkan roda daripada terkunci (tidak bergerak), terutamanya apabila membrek keras samada dalam situasi panik atau di atas permukaan licin.
Roda terkunci mengakibatkan kehilangan kawalan dan/atau kegelinciran.
Oleh itu, ABS membantu penunggang untuk memperlahankan atau berhenti dalam kawalan.
Bergantung pada kelajuan motosikal, penunggang juga boleh mengendalikan motosikal untuk mengelakkan bahaya (contoh: kereta terkeluar di hadapan anda) kerana roda masih bergolek.

Kelebihan ABS

Kuasa brek paling berkesan pada ambang roda terkunci. Dalam erti kata lain, hanya apabila tayar hampir kehilangan daya cengkaman dan menyebabkan roda berhenti bergerak.
Oleh itu, dengan ABS, penunggang boleh membrek pada tekanan maksimum tanpa kehilangan kawalan.
ABS menghalang roda daripada terkunci dan tergelincir ketika membrek dengan ekstrim.
Penunggang masih boleh mengemudi motosikal semasa membrek ekstrim.
Kawalan yang lebih baik ketika membrek keras atas permukaan licin.

Bagaimanakah ABS berfungsi?

Gear gelang logam kecil dipasang pada setiap roda (untuk ABS dwi-saluran).
Gear gelang ini juga dipanggil atau roda nada.

Sensor magnet diletakkan di atas gelang itu.

Denyutan elektrik yang terhasil daripada sensor dihantar ke unit kawalan elektronik (ECU) ABS.
ECU dipautkan ke pam ABS.

*Modul ABS module. Bahagian hitam ialah ECU*

Terdapat injap dalam pam.
ECU mengukur kekerapan denyutan daripada gelang nada.
Jika ECU merasakan penurunan nada yang mendadak, ia tahu roda akan terkunci.
Apabila nada mencecah sifar (roda telah berhenti berputar), ECU akan menutup injap dalam pam untuk mengurangkan tekanan hidraulik bendalir (minyak) brek.
Penurunan tekanan melepaskan pad brek dari cakera brek.
Roda akan berputar semula kerana momentum (lajak) motosikal yang ke depan.
Tekanan brek akan diteruskan serta-merta selepas dilepaskan, selagi tuil brek ditekan.
Pelepasan tekanan/membrek semula berlaku sehingga 24 Hz (24 kali sesaat).
Proses ini akan diteruskan selagi tuil brek ditekan atau sehingga motosikal berhenti.

NOTA PENTING KEPADA PENUNGGANG

ABS hanya diaktifkan apabila roda mula terkunci.
Tuas brek akan berdenyut apabila ABS diaktifkan.
Jangan lepaskan tuil apabila ia berdenyut jika anda masih perlu meneruskan brek.
ABS memberi peluang untuk mengemudi atau melencong dari bahaya (contoh: Kucing melintas jalan), jadi pandang dan cari arah selamat daripada bahaya untuk mengelakkan terkunci perhatian (target fixation) kepada kucing itu, dan kemudikan motosikal!

ABS – What it Does and How it Works

The Malaysian authorities have finally mandated the fitment of ABS to new motorcycles 150cc and above beginning next year. It is something many quarters including motorcyclists and transportation safety experts have requested for a long time.

However, we need to understand more about what it is and how it works, because there is no point of having the feature without knowing so. In fact, there are many fallacies about ABS that could endanger the rider’s life and limbs instead being useful.

Misconceptions about ABS

Let us start with this before explaining further.

“ABS activates whenever I brake”

Not true. ABS only activates if the rider brakes so hard that the wheel is starting to lock up (stop moving). It is only so when the system triggers, not during every facet of braking.

*From MCN. Please click on photo for the full story.*

“ABS helps me stop quicker and in shorter distance.”

Not necessarily. The system does help the bike to stop quicker if one brakes super hard over a dry, grippy surface as the threshold between maximum braking power and the wheel locking up is much higher.

However, maximum braking over a slippery surface may take a little longer as the tyre is more prone to locking up/sliding i.e. hard braking over wet painted road lines. As such, the system activates earlier/easier to let the wheel continue turning, resulting in a longer stopping distance.

“ABS prevents me from braking harder.”

Not true. ABS activates because the rider has exceeded the tyre’s available traction, thus he cannot brake harder even without ABS.

“ABS adds too much weight.”

This was true with the older systems which weighed 11 kg in 1988. Current systems could weigh as little as 0.7 kg.

“I can release the lever and reapply braking quickly if the tyre loses traction.”

True, but no human can match the ABS’s 24 Hz frequency, besides applying the correct amount of brake pressure.

What does ABS do?

ABS stands for anti-lock braking system.
It avoids the wheel or wheels from locking up (becoming stationary), especially when hard braking is applied whether in panic situations or over slippery surface.
Locked wheel/wheels result in loss of control and skidding.
Therefore, ABS assists the rider to slow down or stop while in control.
Depending on the motorcycle’s speed, the rider can also swerve to avoid the hazard (example: a car pulling out in front of you) because the wheel(s) continue to roll.

Advantages of ABS

Most effective braking is at the threshold of wheel lock-up. In other words, just when the tyre is about to lose traction and cause the wheel to stop moving.
Therefore, with ABS, the rider can brake at maximum pressure without losing control.
Prevents wheels from locking up and skidding under heavy braking.
The rider can still steer the bike during extreme braking.
Better control under hard braking on slippery surfaces.

How does ABS work?

A small metallic ring gear is attached to each wheel (for dual-channel ABS).
The ring gear is also called tone ring or tone wheel.

A magnetic sensor is placed over the tone ring.

The resulting electrical pulses from the sensor are sent to the ABS electronic control unit (ECU).
The ECU is linked to the ABS pump.

*ABS module. The black portion is the ECU*

There are valves in the pump.
The ECU measures the frequency of the pulses from the tone ring.
If the ECU senses a dramatic and sudden drop in the pulses, it knows the wheel is about to lock up.
When the pulse reaches zero (the wheel has stopped rotating), the ECU will close the valve in the pump to reduce the brake fluid’s hydraulic pressure.
The drop in pressure eases the brake pads away from the brake disc.
The wheel will rotate again due to the bike’s forward momentum.
Brake pressure will resume immediately following the release, as long as the brake lever is pressed.
The pressure release/re-application happens up to 24 Hz (24 times per second).
The process will continue as long as the brake lever is held down or until the bike stops.

IMPORTANT NOTE TO RIDERS

ABS only activates when the wheel(s) start to lock up.
The brake lever(s) will pulsate when ABS activates.
Do not release the lever(s) when they pulsate if you still need to continue braking.
ABS provides the chance to steer or swerve away from the hazard (example: That cat crossing the road), so look away from the hazard to avoid target fixation and STEER!

ABS Compulsory for Motorcycles 150cc and Above from 2025

Anti-lock brake system (ABS) is mandatory for motorcycles 150cc and above starting January 1, 2025.

That’s what the Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia, Datuk Seri Dr. Ahmad Zahid Hamidi when speaking at the Launching Ceremony of the Asian Road Safety Conference (CARS) 2024 yesterday.

According to him, the government took this initiative considering that the majority of road accidents involve motorcycle riders and pillion riders.

“Let’s start by making motorcyclists safer because 65 percent of the total road deaths last year involved motorcyclists.

“So starting January 1, 2025, all new motorcycles with an engine capacity of 150cc and above must be equipped with ABS,” he said.

Also present at the ceremony were the Minister of Transport, Anthony Loke and the Minister of Human Resources, Steven Sim.

Ahmad Zahid said the government decided on the matter because based on a World Health Organization (WHO) report, ABS was able to reduce the rate of fatal accidents by 31 percent.

“Malaysia is one of the countries in Southeast Asia facing this issue. Although the death rate per 100,000 people decreased from 27 percent in 2000 to 22.5 percent in 2019, it remains one of the highest in the world.

“So I am confident that this initiative will reduce the death rate due to road accidents in Malaysia,” he said.

He also hopes that the initiative involved can be an inspiration to other ASEAN countries to implement similar measures to make motorcycles a safe vehicle to use.

In addition, Ahmad Zahid suggested that the Motorcycle Assessment Program in Malaysia (MyMAP) be implemented in all ASEAN or Asian countries.

He said, MyMAP, which gives a rating to motorcycles based on the vehicle’s standards, is able to give users an advantage to make an evaluation before buying the vehicle.

“So far, MyMAP has evaluated 28 types of motorcycle models produced by seven manufacturing companies and these vehicles have been given a ‘star’ rating,” he said.

ABS Diwajibkan untuk Motosikal 150cc ke Atas Mulai 2025

Sistem brek anti kunci (ABS) diwajibkan untuk motosikal 150cc ke atas bermula 1 Januari 2025.

Begitulah yang dikatakan oleh Timbalan Perdana Menteri Malaysia, Datuk Seri Dr. Ahmad Zahid Hamidi ketika berucap pada Majlis Pelancaran Persidangan Keselamatan Jalan Raya Asia (CARS) 2024 semalam.

Menurutnya lagi, kerajaan mengambil inisiatif ini memandangkan bahawa majoriti kemalangan jalan raya melibatkan penunggang dan pembonceng motosikal.

“Mari kita bermula dengan menjadikan penunggang motosikal lebih selamat kerana 65 peratus daripada jumlah kematian jalan raya tahun lalu, membabitkan penunggang motosikal.

“Jadi bermula 1 Januari 2025, semua motosikal baharu dengan enjin kapasiti 150cc ke atas wajib dipasang ABS,” katanya.

Turut hadir pada majlis itu ialah Menteri Pengangkutan, Anthony Loke dan Menteri Sumber Manusia, Steven Sim.

Ahmad Zahid berkata, kerajaan memutuskan perkara itu kerana berdasarkan laporan Pertubuhan Kesihatan Sedunia (WHO), ABS berupaya mengurangkan kadar kemalangan maut sebanyak 31 peratus.

“Malaysia antara negara di Asia Tenggara yang berdepan isu ini. Walaupun kadar kematian per 100,000 orang menurun daripada 27 peratus pada 2000 kepada 22.5 peratus pada 2019, ia tetap antara yang tertinggi di dunia.

“Jadi saya yakin inisiatif ini akan mengurangkan kadar kematian akibat kemalangan jalan raya di Malaysia,” katanya.

Beliau juga berharap insiatif terbabit dapat menjadi inspirasi kepada negara ASEAN lain untuk melaksanakan langkah sama sekali gus menjadikan motosikal sebagai kenderaan yang selamat digunakan.

Selain itu, Ahmad Zahid mencadangkan supaya Program Penilaian Motosikal di Malaysia (MyMAP) dilaksanakan di seluruh negara ASEAN atau Asia.

Katanya, MyMAP yang memberi penarafan kepada motosikal berdasarkan piawaian kenderaan itu mampu memberi kelebihan kepada pengguna untuk membuat penilaian sebelum membeli kenderaan berkenaan.

“Setakat ini, MyMAP sudah menilai 28 jenis model motosikal dihasilkan tujuh syarikat pengeluar dan kenderaan ini diberikan rating ‘bintang’,” katanya.

Wee Ka Siong Persoal Perodua Axia E Tiada ABS, ESC

Mantan Menteri Pengangkutan, Datuk Seri Dr Wee Ka Siong, telah mempersoalkan ketiadaan ciri keselamatan penting seperti ABS (Anti-lock Braking System) dan ESC (Electronic Stability Control) pada model Perodua Axia E yang dilancarkan baru-baru ini.

Pelancaran Perodua Axia E mendapat reaksi pelbagai dikalangan rakyat Malaysia ekoran didatangkan dengan harga asas serendah RM22,000. Harga tersebut menjadikan Axia E model paling murah ditawarkan pengeluar kereta nasional di Malaysia setakat ini.

Namun begitu, Perodua Axia varian E itu kekurangan beberapa ciri keselamatan penting seperti ABS dan ESC sekaligus mencuri perhatian ramai pihak termasuk mantan Menteri Pengankutan itu.

“Walaupun kenderaan mampu milik ditawarkan dengan harga serendah RM22,000, namun ia perlulah dilengkapi Sistem Brek Anti-Kunci (ABS) atau Anti-Lock Braking System dan kawalan kestabilan elektronik (ESC) demi keselamatan pengguna dan orang ramai,” ujarnya dalam perkongsian tersebut.

Tambahnya, pengeluar tidak seharusnya berkompromi aspek keselamatan dalam usaha untuk menawarkan harga ‘rahmah’.

“Janganlah kita berkompromi apabila ia menyentuh soal keselamatan pemandu, penumpang termasuk pengguna jalan raya yang lain.

“Spesifikasi tertentu seperti ABS, ESC dan Agihan Brek Elektronik – EBD (subsistem kepada ABS dan ESC) tidak boleh diketepikan sama sekali hanya kerana mahu menjadikan kenderaan tersebut sebagai ‘kereta rahmah’,” jelasnya.

Dalam pada itu, memetik laporan rakan media, Careta, mendapati Perodua Axia E itu diklasifikasikan sebagai Axia keluaran 2014. Oleh demikian, tiada keperluan untuk mengikut homologasi terkini Kementerian Pengangkutan yang memerlukan ciri ABS dan ESC sebagai alatan standard yang ditetapkan pada 2020.

Yamaha Aerox (NVX) 155 Dapat Traction Control Bagi 2023

Yamaha telah mengemas kini skuter popular, Yamaha Aerox 155 bagi tahun 2023 di pasaran India.

Lebih dikenali sebagai Yamaha NVX 155 di Malaysia, skuter bersesaran 155cc itu telah dinaik taraf dengan sistem ‘traction control’ (TCS).

Aerox 155 merupakan skuter 155cc kedua selepas Augur 155 yang menerima kelengkapan elektronik baharu itu.

Untuk rekod, TCS mempertingkatkan prestasi menunggang Aerox 155 dengan mengurangkan ‘wheelspin’ lalu memastikan pergerakan lebih efisien dalam apa jua keadaan menunggang. Menurut Yamaha India, Aero 155 juga mempunyai sistem OBD-II (on-board diagnostic).

Bagaimanapun, Aerox 155 masih lagi dikuasakn enjin 155cc Blue Clore 4-stroke SOHC dengan VVA yang berupaya menghasilkan 14.7hp pada 8,000rpm dan 13.9Nm pada 6,500rpm. Yamaha Aerox 155 ini juga datang dengan lampu kecemasan sebagai standard.

OFFICIAL: Modenas Vulcan S Now Available In Malaysia – From RM36,500

Edaran Modenas Sdn Bhd (EMOS), the subsidiary of Motosikal dan Enjin Nasional Sdn Bhd (MODENAS), has announced the price of its latest sports cruiser, the Modenas Vulcan S (ABS).

The Vulcan S is the first 650cc model to be rebadged by Modenas.
The Vulcan S is the perfect cruiser for daily commuting and touring.

The new model features Kawasaki’s renowned 649cc liquid-cooled, parallel twin engine, which is also found in the Ninja 650. The Vulcan S is tuned to achieve maximum linear power of 61hp and maximum torque of 62.4 Nm.

What sets the Vulcan S cruiser apart from other models is the “Ergo Fit” system that allows riders of all sizes to use the reduced reach setting, which makes the bike feel like it was built-to-fit each rider.

The model also features an 18-inch front wheel and a 17-inch rear wheel, which is close to a sports model, for natural and nimble handling. The low center of gravity allows riders to take deep leaning turns with confidence and ease.

The Vulcan S has a modern and sporty look with its inverted triangle headlamp and compact gauge cluster that sports an analogue tachometer.

All other information is shown on the multi-function LCD display that uses a blue LED backlight for projecting excellent visibility at night. The standard seat height of 705mm is extremely comfortable for the rider, and the motorcycle is easily maneuverable and super comfortable during high and low speed riding.

According to Roslan Roskan, Chief Executive Officer, MODENAS, the Vulcan S is one of the Kawasaki models that has long been awaited by customers.

The motorcycle is built to fit all sizes and ages and will help welcome edgy riders, old and new, into the sport without hurting their wallets too much. The Vulcan S comes in two different colors and prices: Metallic Flat Spark Black retailing at RM36,500 and Pearl Matte Sage Green at RM37,200, both of which will be available in all Kawasaki Dealer showrooms by the end of March 2023.

RASMI: Modenas Elegan 250 EX Capai Status Euro 4 – RM16,997

Modenas telah pun mengemas kini skuter maxi popular, Modenas Elegan 250 EX bagi tahun 2023 yang kini telah dinaik taraf dengan enjin Euro 4.

Menurut Modenas, Elegan 250 EX itu kini dilengkapi enjin satu silinder 250cc, SOHC yang kini mencapai standard Euro 4. Bagaimanapun, kuasa dihasilkan kekal sama seperti sebelum ini dengan 22hp pada 7,000rpm dan 22.4Nm pada 6,500rpm.

Bagi mencapai emisi Euro 4 yang merupakan standard terbaru di Malaysia, beberapa perubahan dilakukan di bahagian enjin dan ekzos agar tahap emisi yang dikeluarkan adalah lebih rendah berbanding sebelum ini.

Dalam pada itu, Elegan 250 EX 2023 ini juga turut mendapat lampu depan projektor LED baharu dengan fungsi DRL (daytime running light) sekaligus meningkatkan tahap pencahayaan terutamanya di waktu malam.

Bagaimanapun, ciri lain kekal sama seperti model sebelumnya yang dilancarkan pada November 2020.

Modenas Elegan 250 EX ini ditawarkan pada harga RM16,997 dan datang dengan dua warna pilihan; Matte Sliver Crystal dan Petroleum Blue.

2022 Yamaha YZF-R25 Now In Malaysia – Features ABS, RM22,998

Hong Leong Yamaha Motor (HLYM) has updated its quarter-litre sportsbike, the Yamaha YZF-R25 for 2022.

Yamaha R25 updated with two new colourway and features ABS, LED turn indicator as standard.
Features the same 249cc in-line two-cylinder engine that makes 35hp and 22.6Nm.

Coming in new for the Malaysian market is two new colourway, Orange Lynx and Racing Blue.

However, the braking system received the most significant upgrade with the introduction of ABS. Also new for 2022 is LED turn signal lights replacing the halogen lights on the previous model.

As a result, the 2022 Yamaha R25 is now priced at RM22,998 – a slight increased than the 2021 model – and will be available nationwide starting today (22 September 2022).

Mechanically, the R25 continue to make 35hp @ 12,000rpm and 22.6Nm @ 10,000rpm from its 249cc in-line two-cylinder DOHC engine.

In addition, buyers is entitled to received a Yamaha safety disc lock worth RM100 with every purchased of the R25.

KYMCO RevoNEX To Feature ABS System, Patent Reveals

Taiwan motorcycle manufacturer, Kymco has dropped the company’s latest patent drawings of the highly anticipated RevoNEX electric motorcycle.

The latest leak confirms the bike’s ABS.
The previous patent leaked shows that the RevoNEX will feature Ohlins suspensions and Brembo brakes.

Kymco has been known as a scooter-maker, with the Ionex i-One as the most recent product introduced by the company.

While the company builds its scooter range in Taiwan, production for the upcoming RevoNEX will be done in Italy.

However, the bike has yet to enter production after more than two years.

Nevertheless, the latest patent leaks have confirmed that the geared electric motorcycle is indeed on its way, and this time it tells us that the RevoNEX will feature an ABS.

We know from the previous leaks that the RevoNEX will feature Ohlins suspension and Brembo brakes, but thanks to the latest report by Super Moto 8, it is confirmed that those brakes will feature ABS.

The ABS will be positioned at the front of the bike and sits above the electric motor and in front of the battery.

Although the patent drawings did not show a gearbox, the report suggests it will appear on the final drawings later.

Currently, Kymco is still keeping mum about the official launch date but looking at how the progress is moving at a steady pace; we think it might take a couple of years before we could see it in production.

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