Triumph Motorcycles maintains the Number 1 position as a Western big bike maker in Thailand.
The manufacturer managed the feat despite an overall downturn in the Thai motorcycle market.
Triumph Motorcycles Thailand remains optimistic as the next two months usually mark high demand.
Triumph Motorcycles is still the best-selling Western motorcycle brand above 400cc in Thailand.
The British brand sold a total of 2,175 units by end-October despite a downturn which impacted all brands.
The number represents a 14.7% drop year-on-year, the first for Triumph since its entry into the market. Yet, the brand beat out other western brands by a large margin in total sales. In second place is BMW which has sold 1,226 units thus far, followed by Ducati with 709 units, and Harley-Davidson with 695.
Courtesy of Bangkok Post
The country’s general manager Jakkrapong Santirat remains upbeat, however. “But we are confident sales will improve over the two remaining months as the fourth quarter is the high season for motorcycles.”
Santirat cited a number of reasons for the drop. The country’s entire big bike market had shrunk due to lower purchasing power of the Thais. Additionally, potential buyers hesitated to purchase big bikes while current owners are still servicing their loans. Financial institutions have also tightened their approvals for loans.
Thailand’s Land Transport Department reported a total of 1.506 million new motorcycle registration, a decrease of 1.4% year-on-year.
We had the pleasure of visiting Triumph’s manufacturing facilities in Thailand in 2016, courtesy of Triumph Motorcycles Malaysia.
Triumph was the first Western big bike manufacturer to enter the kingdom. The first factory was opened in May 2002, producing components such as frames, fuel tanks, headers, swingarms, engine covers and chrome-plated parts.
The second Thai factory opened in 2006, complete with a painting facility and assembly line. Finally, the third plant opened in 2007 with high-pressure die casting and machining facilities. All factories are located in the Amata City Industrial Estate in Chon Buri. The three facilities have a combined investment of THB 3 billion.
A workforce of 1,100 workers produce some 80,000 bikes a year. The motorcycles are shipped to 57 countries afterwards. The number represents 65 to 70% of Triumph’s worldwide sales.
We continue with the Triumph Motorcycles Malaysia London Adventure – Day 2 with more historic and important landmarks.
Westminster Abbey should be high on everyone’s list should you fancy history.
Big Ben and The Houses of Parliament are the landmarks no one should miss.
It was another short jaunt from St. James’s Park to Westminster Abbey. All these sites were set up close to Buckingham Palace.
Seeing it all in pictures was nothing compared to the first-hand experience of being there yourself. The sights, the sounds, the cool air, the sunshine, the people and everything else contribute an immersive experience none could forget.
WESTMINSTER ABBEY
Yes, Westminster Abbey is a gothic church, but I don’t have a fixation for anything goth. Nevertheless, it is where monarchs, royalties, Sir Isaac Newton, Charles Dickens and Stephen Hawking (among other luminaries) are interned (buried). It was also the site in a number of famous movies.
But first, who was Sir Isaac Newton?
You’ve probably learned in school about the guy who discovered gravity when an apple fell on his head. That guy was Sir Isaac Newton. However, the part about an apple knocking Sir Newton’s noggin was a myth. Truth was, he sat under a tree and wondered why apples always drop perpendicularly to the ground, instead of sideways or upwards.
There are stronger connotations to why I venerate Sir Isaac Newton. I love the subjects of physics and motion, besides history and astronomy. The first two are innately connected with how engines and motorcycles work. In fact, an engine’s torque is measured (among other units) in “Nm,” as in Newton-metre. Additionally, there are Newton’s three laws of motion.
It was Newton who gave us the laws of universal gravity, laws of motion, calculus, among many more which he published in the groundbreaking book Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica– better known as just “Principia.” It was one of the most important works in the history of science, marking the epoch of a great revolution in physics.
Financed by Astronomer Royal Edmond Halley (remember this name), Principia was published in 1687. We came to understand the motions of the planets, comets and other celestial bodies.
Without Newton’s work, we wouldn’t have satellite communications and GPS because we wouldn’t be able to keep satellites orbit. Worse, we won’t be watching MotoGP “live” on weekends (plus all the football matches). In fact, scientists and engineers today still use Newton’s formulas to send spacecrafts into space and the orbits of other planets.
It was he who created the first practical reflecting telescope, so much so the type is often referred to as the “Newtonian.” He also discovered that a prism separates white light into the colours of the spectrum and continued to research the subject. His findings were published in another book called “Opticks” in 1704.
This was why he’s oft regarded as the “father” of modern physics.
Newton passed away in his sleep in London on 20 March 1727 (NS 31 March 1737) aged 84 and was buried in Westminster Abbey.
Back to Westminster Abbey, the site was established in 960 (1,058 years ago) when King Edgar installed a community of Benedictine monks. It was then expanded and extended by various monarchs through the centuries.
Since the coronation of William the Conqueror in 1066, all coronations of English and later British monarchs had been performed at Westminster Abbey. There were also 16 royal weddings since 1100. Princess Diana’s funeral service was held here in 1997.
I got goosebumps as I walked in the yard, while looking at all those huge centuries-old stones that were used to build it. Immense buttresses supported the walls. Visitors entered through the magnificent North Entrance façade which is decorated with tracery, arcading and figurative carvings.
The ticket counter’s in the narthex. Entrance fee for a single adult is £22, inclusive of an audiobook and guided tour. Unfortunately, photography wasn’t allowed, and I had a schedule to adhere to. I decided that Sir Isaac Newton’s tomb is one compelling reason to revisit London.
BIG BEN
It’s amazing when you do some of research. I never knew that “Big Ben” is in fact the name of the largest of five bells in the clock tower. The tower’s name was simply the “Clock Tower” before being renamed as Elizabeth Tower in 2012. Did you know that? I didn’t.
Did you know that the main bell, officially known as the “Great Bell” and “Big Ben” to us, was installed in the tower’s belfry in 1858 (160 years ago)? At 2.9m high, 2.74m in diameter and weighing 13.76 tonne (13,760kg), it was the largest and heaviest bell in the British Isles until the 17-tonne (17,000kg) “Great Paul” bell was cast for the St. Paul’s Cathedral in 1881.
Apart from that, do you know the musical chime of alarm clocks? (Please click on the link below to listen.) It had originated from the four Quarter Bells in the tower.
I used to listen to the BBC radio broadcasts with my late-Dad. The channel always used the tolling of Big Ben to mark 12 midnight, Greenwich Meridian Time (GMT). The practice began in 1923!
(AP Photo/Lefteris Pitarakis, File)
The movement of the four-faced clock was designed by horologist Edmund Beckett Denison and George Airy, a Astronomer Royal (remember these names. They will show up again). What makes the clocks tick? A pendulum! Yes, like those in grandfather clocks. And like all old clocks it needs to be wound three times a week. The process takes 1½ hours.
The clock was the largest and most accurate when it was completed in 1859. It was so accurate that removing or adding a penny adjusted the clock by 0.4 seconds.
The clock’s mechanism – Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons
Big Ben was hit by a bomb one occasion and an anti-aircraft shell during WWII, but it kept working and ringing. It was taken as one of the symbols of British defiance and stoicism during the war.
Big Ben is probably the most famous landmark of London. There’s no doubt every one of us has seen it in a movie or on TV.
However, it’s covered in scaffolding since 2017 for a four-year refurbishing project and the bell silenced. The works will also add a lift inside the tower. The renovation costs add up to£61 million as of September 2017.
Was I disappointed for not being able to view Big Ben? I was at first, but I knew the restoration will sustain the building for ages to come.
THE PALACE OF WESTMINSTER A.K.A. HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT
“Big Ben” is located at the northern end of The Palace of Westminster, better known as Houses of Parliament. The two structures are so famous that almost everyone on earth would recognize them as part of the City of London.
It is called Houses of Parliament because the House of Commons and House of Lords convened there.
The first royal palace was built on the site in 1016 and served as the primary residence for the Kings of England until a fire destroyed much of it in 1512. The Parliament of England had been meeting there since the 13thcentury but used the palace full-time afterwards.
Another fire broke out in 1834, destroying both Houses of Parliament and most buildings in the palace complex. The job to rebuild the site was awarded after reviewing 97 proposals. Work began in 1840 and was only completed in 1876. This was when the building acquired its current Gothic architecture.
The Blitz (German air bombing) in WWII hit the Palace of Westminster on fourteen separate occasions.
The building is old and in need of urgent restoration. There were reports of the ceiling dropping onto MP’s desks. Consequently, MP’s voted in 2016 to vacate the building in 2022.
Walking up close past the building was quite another experience compared to looking at it in pictures. Pictures all but show the outlines and little else. I was totally in awe while standing right in front of a structure that I’ve seen thousands of times in books and visual media. There are so many intricate details that need to be experienced. It was an imposing structure, as well. Of course, it had been a residence for the King, after all.
The Houses of Parliament has seen some serious cases of security breaches. As such, like Big Ben, tours are only allowed for British nationals who had obtained an authorization letter from their MP’s.
INTERMISSION
We’ll take another break here because the last part of Day 2 is another long article as it covers The Imperial War Museum London, a River Thames ferry ride and the Tower Bridge.
Please click here for the Triumph Motorcycles Malaysia London Adventure Day 1 and here for Day 2 (Part 1).
How is like to be a student at the TOC Automotive College?
We interviewed Louis Tan, an SKM Level 3 student.
TOC students have lots going for them from when they are studying to when they graduate.
As “The grass is on the other side” saying goes, it is always a pretty perspective to those looking in from the outside. It applies to just about everything in life: Other jobs, other countries, your mate’s girlfriend, another college.
We have published many articles regarding the TOC Automotive College from our point of view. However, we were always curious about how the college is truly like from an insider’s perspective i.e. from a student.
We grabbed one of TOC’s students and asked a few probing questions.
Louis Tan is now studying for the Sijil Kemahiran Malaysia (SKM) Level 3. He began studying in TOC in 2017.
Bikes Republic (BR): How’s it like studying in the TOC Automotive College, generally?
Louis Tan (LT): Studying in TOC is very exciting, because they always come up with many ideas on how to prepare students for the actual working environment.
For example, my core study is not on motorsports but just a few weeks ago, I was at the Sepang International Circuit for the Malaysian Superbike Championship (MSBK). TOC and MSF gave me the chance to be a pit crew in the Hiap Aik Suzuki Team.
BR: What motivated you to enroll in TOC Automotive College? LT: I was learning a different subject in another college prior to enrolling in TOC. I studied there for only one semester and decided it wasn’t my thing.
My passion is for automotive subjects. I looked around and decided TOC was the best, as it had the best facilities. But TOC was costlier. I went back to my Boss, who was sponsoring my studies, and he encouraged me to go ahead with TOC. He said quality is more important.
Besides the facilities, TOC has partnered with many organizations. That way, students have plenty of opportunities when they graduate and that is very important.
BR: Does TOC prepare you for the current advancements in automotive technology?
LT: Truthfully, a course makes up 50% of what you learn. The other 50% is up to your own initiative. However, a good course guides you to obtaining the correct information.
TOC’s course structure consists of just 20% classroom theory but 80% actual hands-on learning.
BR: What future do you see for yourself?
LT: There’s lots of good future after studying in TOC. You can choose to be a technician or mechanic, race engineer or aftersales manager.
BR: Which manufacturers can TOC students look forward to working in after graduation?
LT: A lot! We can choose from around 800 of TOC’s partners! We’ve got partners such as Ferrari, Ford, Perodua, Proton, Honda, Toyota, Peugeot and many, many more.
BR: How did you like being involved in motorsports?
LT: It was the first time I witnessed a race from behind the scenes. It was during this time that I saw the passion of the race teams.
It was a great experience as a crew, too. The race was declared a wet race, meaning the riders have to come in and swap tyres after the race had begun. Each team had only 10-minutes to do so.
But one of the bikes’ fuel line came loose and sprayed out fuel just before leaving the pits. We had to rush like crazy to fix it!
The tension was crazy. That’s something one couldn’t experience in a classroom.
BR: So, it looks like students can have a great time learning here?
LT: That’s right! I’m glad I came here!
CONCLUSION
As we’ve written many times before, the TOC Automotive College offers comprehensive learning environment as well as future for the students. The college also offers plenty of different courses in catering to each student’s interest.
So what are you waiting for? If it has always been your dream to work in the motorcycle service line, or to start your very own motorcycle workshop, then this is the perfect platform to get you started on the path to achieving your dreams. Don’t wait, find out more about the TOC Superbike Technician Course at www.toc.edu.myor call (+603) 7960 8833 for more details.
CLICK HEREto know more about TOC’s Superbike Technician Course.
The Norton Atlas Ranger and Norton Atlas Nomad are finally unveiled.
Both are 650cc-powered scrambler-type bikes.
The Ranger is off-road capable while the Nomad is for road use.
Rumours of Norton working on a scrambler-type modern-classic had been circulating for a long while. And now, the Norton Atlas Ranger and Norton Atlas Nomad have finally been unveiled.
Norton Atlas Nomad-1
The Ranger is more off-road capable with a 19-inch front wheel and taller suspension. The Nomad is road-centric with an 18-inch front wheel, on the other hand.
Norton Atlas Ranger-1
Both bikes share the same 650cc, parallel-Twin, 270ocrank engine. Norton claims that it produces 84 bhp and 63.7 Nm of torque. The powerplant is essentially Norton’s own V-Four without the rear two cylinders.
Make no mistake, the Norton Atlas is no 2019 Triumph Scrambler 1200. Its ABS is standard as mandated by the EU but has no Cornering ABS ability. Traction control is basic with road, off-road and off options. The gauges are analog.
The bikes are suspended by Norton’s own Roadholder brand and the Brembo brakes are basic.
Norton pared the Atlas’ weight down to 178kg dry for more accessibility.
The company hopes to sell 2,000 Atlas a year through aggressive pricing. Norton lists the Nomad at £9995 and the Ranger at £11,995 in the UK.
The deal is worth $160 million (RM669 million). The minority stake will remain with founder Kenth Öhlin. Industry observers consider the amount a premium. However, Teneco aims to lead the suspension industry, no doubt through Öhlins’s research and development in electronically controlled and semi-active suspension (CES).
Brian Kesseler, co-CEO of Tenneco said, “Öhlins’ technology team will allow us to rapidly grow our product offerings for current and future customers, as well as help us win a larger share of business in developing mobility markets.” He also added that the Öhlins team plays an important part of the new Aftermarket and Ride Performance company.
Öhlins currently employs 340 personnel in its R&D sit in Sweden. They have branches and subsidiaries worldwide are in Thailand, Sweden, Germany, USA. Öhlins practically holds a monopoly in the motorcycle road-racing scene, thereby etching the into road riders’ psyche. (Öhlins supplies suspension systems for cars, also.)
We expect the acquisition to close in the first quarter of 2019. Kenth Öhlin will continue to provide strategic and technological vision to the company, however.
Mohd. Adib will ride from Penang to China for charity.
The proceeds will go to the St. Nicholas’ Home, Penang.
St. Nicholas’ Home, Penang provides care for the visually-handicapped.
“Ride for Sight” will Mohd. Adib ride from Penang to China for charity from 20thNovember 2018.
The ride seeks to assist the St. Nicholas’ Home, Penang. St. Nicholas’ Home provides assistance for the visually handicapped from ages 6 through 77 irrespective of religion, race and background. They provide programs such as handicraft workshops, handing out low vision aid perscriptions, aftercare and job placement service, home for the elderly blind, among many others. There is also a multi-handicapped program caters to those who are afflicted with other afflictions in addition to being visually-handicapped.
This is why Mohd. Adib’s calls the ride “Ride for Sight.” The ride will take approximately 27 days to complete.
“My ride kicks off on the 20thNovember 2018 and end on 15thDecember 2018.The route I will be riding is from Penang – Thailand – Golden Triangle Border (Myanmar, Thailand & Laos) – Shangri-La – Tibet – Kunming – Laos – Thailand and back to Penang,” said the thirty-year-old Mohd. Adib.
The rider is no stranger stranger to overland rides on his Yamaha FZ150i. Among his achievements were:
Solo ride around Peninsular Malaysia in 2013.
Solo riding in the 7 Nations Expedition which covered Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, China, Laos and Myanmar in 2016.
Taking part in the Colombo Bike Week in Sri Lanka in 2017.
Mohd. Adib is raising funds for St. Nicholas’ Home through the sale os exclusive T-shirts. He will donate 10% of each sold to the home. The shirts are available through Mohd. Adib’sand Kembara Jiwa’sFacebook pages. Price for the T-shirts are RM50 (short-sleeved) and RM60 (long-sleeved).
Mohd. Adib can also be reaced at 016-4734748 for further information.
GIVI Malaysia has launched a blog space and GIVISTA Community.
The blog highlights products, lifestyle and trivia.
The GIVISTA Community highlights GIVI users’ activities.
GIVI Malaysia has launched a blog in their website and a GIVISTA Community in Facebook recently.
It is of no doubt that GIVI is world famous for their products. However, one may not be aware of just how extensive they are. The company has products for motorcycles of all types and engine capacities, from scooters all the way to the open-class adventure-tourers.
As such, the two new platforms provide up-to-date news and information about the latest products. However, there are certain differences between the two.
GIVI Malaysia’s blog at http://www.givi.com.my/blog.phpnot only features the latest products but also a mix of articles. You may find write-ups on practical applications for the products, first-hand accounts of using them and other trivia such as the company’s involvement in motorsports.
The GIVISTA Community Facebook page on the other hand is as the name suggests, is where a community of GIVI users share their experience, rides and most of all their love for GIVI products. One may also find the latest updates on GIVI Malaysia’s activities, for example, invitation to convoys.
BMW Motorrad is returning to the 2019 World Superbike Championship (WorldSBK).
The manufacturer will enter the 2019 BMW S 1000 RR.
Tom Sykes and Markus Reiterberger are the team’s riders.
BMW Motorrad announces their return to the 2019 World Superbike Championship (WorldSBK).
BMW is the one manufacturer that’s glaringly missing from WorldSBK. Their last effort was with the GoldBet BMW team which was disbanded after 2013. Their riders were Marco Melandri and Leon Haslam.
The new team will be racing the recently-launched 2019 BMW S 1000 RR. The bikes will be developed and prepared by BMW’s factory in Munich together with the Shaun Muir Racing Team.
BMW Motorrad announced 2013 WorldSBK Champion Tom Sykes and European Superstock 1000 Champion Markus Reiterberger as their riders.
The championship should heat up next year with BMW’s re-entry with the new S 1000 RR. The new bike is new from ground up with emphasis on higher power and compactness. While the stock production 2019 S 1000 RR produces “only” 204 bhp compared to the new bike from Ducati, you can bet that the racing S 1000 RR will be up there among the top runners.
There is hope among racing fans that WorldSBK 2019 will see the end of four-time and current champion Jonathan Rea and Kawasaki’s domination of the series. A one-horse race is never a spectacle.
The new bike continues this legacy, but Honda has updated it in more ways than one.
Starting from the engine, the 2019 650cc, DOHC, inline-Four sees upgrades identical to the CB650R. The updates include works to the engine, fueling (ECU), and higher rev limit. The revisions yield nearly 5% increase in power (from 90 bhp to 95 bhp) and improved torque delivery. Additionally, there is a 6kg reduction in weight. That equals an 8% improvement in power-to-weight ratio.
The riding position of the 2019 bike is more aggressive. The clip-on handlebars are moved 30mm to the front and lowered. The footpegs are 3mm rearward and 6mm higher. Seat height remains at a comfortable 810mm.
The 2019 CBR650R has a new styling which looks pretty much like its CBR1000RR bigger brother, too.
We have a feeling that the 2019 CBR650R will fill the void left by the Honda CBR600RR. Honda will definitely have a winner if they could maintain the 2019 CBR650R’s pricing in the range of the 2018 CBR650F.
Ironically, Stefano Manzi is the current and future rider in the Forward Racing Team. He would’ve been Fenati’s teammate next year. It was later established that Manzi had provoked Fenati. Was Manzi playing mind games to establish the pecking order?
Anyway, Fenati announced that he’d leave racing and concentrate on continuing his studies.
But MotoGP.com has just dropped a bombshell by announcing that Fenati’s Marinelli Snipers team has re-employed him for the 2019 Moto3 season. The team has just signed on Tony Arbalino, thus Fenati will be his teammate.
Marinelli Snipers has good reasons to re-sign Fenati as the fiery Italian took 23 podium finishes with 10 wins in the starter class. He finished second overall in 2017, after all.
Fenati in 2017 – Courtesy of MotoGP.com
The team and Fenati have not made official announcements, but we expect that to happen at the final round at Valencia this weekend.
On a personal note, we hope that Romano Fenati puts his raw talent to greater use and keep his temper in check. This must be the very last chance he’d ever get.
Launched at EICMA 2018, the Panigale V4 RS19 isn’t for sale to public. That’s because it’s the racing machine which Ducati factory riders Alvaro Bautista and Chaz Davies will ride in the World Superbike Championship (WorldSBK) in 2019. Ducati has been trying very hard to retake the superbike honours since their domination in the 90’s.
The most important thing for race bikes is power. The homologation model Panigale V4 R produced 217 bhp in stock form but it’s raised to 231 bhp with the race exhaust and tuning of the ECU. Judging from this, the Panigale V4 RS19 should make at least that same amount or perhaps even around 250 bhp! That V-Four engine was developed as a direct lineage from the Desmosedici in MotoGP, anyway.
Secondly, weight is always an enemy when racing. We can expect the bike to tip the scales at the 168 kg weight limit set by the FIM. Ducati was proud to show off the bike wrapped in carbon fibre.
The Panigale V4 R has winglets on the fairings, paving the way for them on the Panigale V4 RS19. WorldSBK is production-based racing, so certain features of the race bike must be produced on road-going machines.
The Panigale V4 RS19’s fuel tank has also been moved backward and seems larger to make room for the airbox. Ducati didn’t release more details of the bike, of course.
Looks like Jonathan Rea and Kawasaki will have some real competition next year.
TuneBoss introduced new products at the 2018 Malaysian MotoGP.
The products will unlock the performance potential of stock motorcycles.
They include ECUs, quickshifters, electric water pump, fuel injector and fuel pump.
FSR Technology, our own Malaysian electronic tuning experts, revealed a range of new TuneBoss products at the recent 2018 Malaysian MotoGP.
The new products are:
High-performance ECUs;
ShiftBoss quickshifters;
CoolBoss electric water pump kit;
Racing fuel injector;
Racing fuel pump kit.
High-performance ECUs
There are four models specifically optimized for the Yamaha YZF-R15, Yamaha NMAX 155, Honda CBR250R and Honda CRF250. TuneBoss will announce the ECUs for motorcycle models based on the same platforms at a later date.
The price range of the new products are expected to be “within range of existing products.”
ShiftBoss quickshifters
Quickshifters are in demand from almost all current motorcyclists. TuneBoss responds by introducing the ShiftBoss for the Yamaha YZF-R25 and Honda RS150R. Unlike most aftermarket quickshifters, ShiftBoss includes a new load sensor for more precise gear shifts.
The new ShiftBoss products will be sold alongside current models and are priced between RM600 to RM800.
CoolBoss electric water pump kit
Traditional and stock water pumps rely on engine speed to circulate coolant. As such, the flow rate may not be sufficient, especially in the heat (pun intended) of competition.
The new CoolBoss electric water pump kit consists of an electric brushless water pump and smart algorithms to control the functions of the fan according to engine load and cooling needs. Such functions prolong the engine and engine oil lifespan.
Parasitic loss is also reduced. TuneBoss claims the CoolBoss kit gains 0.3 to 0.5 bhp throughout the rev range besides fuel savings.
The product will be available for the Yamaha YZF-R25 only from next year. It should be available for other motorcycles later.
TuneBoss Racing Fuel Injector
This product has been available in the market for a number of months now. This 370cc injector provides a super high flow rate with ultra-linear control. The injector is good for 15 to 40 bhp applications and is compatible with the Yamaha Y15ZR (1stmodel) and Yamaha FZ150i MY 2014 and MY 2016.
TuneBoss Racing Fuel Pump Kit
This product is an integrated system consisting of fuel tank, fuel pump, fuel lines and fuel injector. The kit was specifically developed for the Open Drag Bike Category. Racing fuel is allowed in this category.
The stainless-steel tank has a capacity of 3 litres and is specially treated to resist corrosion from racing fuels such as the Elixir Powered E85R or K2.
Conclusion
All the above add-on products are compatible with TuneBoss ECUs. They have been tested in various drag events and at the Sepang International Circuit before being made available to the buying public.
FSR Technology Sdn. Bhd. can be reached at:
Address: 43 Jalan PJU 1A/18, Ara Damansara, 47301 Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
Phone: 603-7831 5041
Email: sales@fsrtech.com
Facebook: FSR Technology
